The use of ChatGPT in scientific publishing / O uso do ChatGPT na publicação científica

The use of Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence tool, for writing scientific articles has been reason for discussion by the academic community ever since its launch in late 2022. This artificial intelligence technology is becoming capable of generating fluent language, and distinguishing between text produced by ChatGPT and that written by people is becoming increasingly difficult. Here, we will present some topics to be discussed: (1) ensuring human verification; (2) establishing accountability rules; (3) avoiding the automatization of scientific production; (4) favoring truly open-source large language models (LLMs); (5) embracing the benefits of artificial intelligence; and (6) broadening the debate. With the emergence of these technologies, it is crucial to regulate, with continuous updates, the development and responsible use of LLMs with integrity, transparency, and honesty in research, along with scientists from various areas of knowledge, technology companies, large research funding bodies, science academies and universities, editors, non-governmental organizations, and law experts

O uso do Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), ferramenta de inteligência artificial, na redação de artigos científicos, tem sido motivo de discussão pela comunidade acadêmica desde seu lançamento, no fim de 2022. Essa tecnologia de inteligência artificial está ganhando a capacidade de gerar linguagem fluente, sendo cada vez mais difícil distingui-la dos textos escritos por pessoas. Serão apresentados alguns aspectos para serem debatidos: (1) assegurar a verificação humana; (2) desenvolver regras de responsabilidade; (3) evitar a automatização da produção científica; (4) dar preferência a grandes modelos de linguagem verdadeiramente (LLMs) abertos; (5) abraçar os benefícios da IA; e (6) ampliar o debate. Com o surgimento dessas tecnologias, faz-se necessário regulamentar, com atualização contínua, o desenvolvimento e o uso responsável dos LLMs com integridade, transparência e honestidade na pesquisa, com participação de cientistas de diversas disciplinas, empresas de tecnologia, grandes financiadores de pesquisas, academias de ciências e universidades, editores, organizações não governamentais (ONGs) e especialistas jurídicos

Centenario de Médica, el legado mayor del Dr. Mario E. Dihigo / The centenary of Medica, the biggest legacy of Dr. Mario E. Dihigo

RESUMEN Introducción: el Dr. Mario E. Dihigo Llanos, junto a un grupo de colegas emprendedores, fundó en Matanzas, en 1921, la revista Médica (devenida Revista Médica Electrónica en 1997). Objetivos: resaltar el centenario de la publicación y contribuir a la preservación de la memoria del eximio pedagogo. Materiales y métodos: fueron utilizados métodos de la investigación histórica, como el analítico-sintético y el deductivo-inductivo, así como los submétodos cronológico y geográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas y se revisó el legado documental del Dr. Dihigo. La información fue triangulada con las fuentes referenciadas y con otras bibliografías y documentos consultados. Resultados: se resaltaron algunos de los aspectos más significativos relacionados con la vida y la obra del Dr. Dihigo, y se realizó una caracterización de las primeras etapas de la revista, donde se abordan su significación histórica y científica. Conclusiones: sus aportes en Medicina y Pedagogía, así como sus esfuerzos por establecer la revista Médica, son los mayores legados de Dihigo (AU).

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dr. Mario E. Dihigo Llanos, and a group of colleagues-enterprisers, founded the journal Medica (renamed Revista Medica Electronica in 1997) in Matanzas, in 1921. Objectives: to highlight the centenary of the journal and to contribute to keep the memory of the prominent pedagogue up. Materials and methods: methods of the historical research were used like the analytic-synthetic and the deductive-inductive ones, and also the chronological and geographic sub-methods. Interviews were made and the documental legacy of Dr. Mario Dihigo was reviewed. The information was compared with the referenced sources and the other referred bibliography and documents. Results: some of the most significant features of Dr. Dihigo's life and work were emphasized. A characterization of the first stages of the journal was carried out, approaching its historical and scientific significance. Conclusions: the main Dihigo's legacies were his contributions to Medicine and Pedagogy, and his efforts for founding the journal Medica (AU).

Global publication trends in ophthalmic genetics and gene therapy research: A Scientometric analysis / Tendências globais de publicação de pesquisas sobre genética oftálmica e terapia genética: uma análise cientométrica

ABSTRACT Objective: A scientometric analysis produced in ophthalmic genetics and gene therapy research is lacking. The purpose of this study is to present a holistic analysis of ophthalmic genetics literature. Methods: The data used in this study were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. All published documents between 1975-2019 were included. The data exported from WoS enabled the extensive details of ophthalmic genetics related literature including countries, institutions, authors, citations and keywords. Scientometric network maps of keywords and also country and institution co-authorships were created with free software. Global contributions of the countries to the ophthalmic genetics literature were shown by a graphic. Results: The search query revealed a total of 2322 documents. Most of the documents were original articles (75.75%). USA was the leading country by producing 45.39% of all documents in ophthalmic genetics research followed by UK, Germany, China and France. Pennsylvania University was the most contributing institution in the literature (5.25%) followed by University College London and Moorfields Eye Hospital. The average citations per item was 29.4. The most used keywords over a 40-year period were 'family', 'cell', 'photoreceptor' and 'expression'. Conclusions: USA and UK dominated the ophthalmic genetics research. A substantial increase in the number of published documents in this field were observed after 2010.

RESUMO Objetivo: A literatura carece de análise cienciométrica produzida em genética oftálmica e de pesquisa em terapia genética. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma análise holística da literatura genética oftálmica. Métodos: Os dados utilizados neste estudo foram obtidos na base de dados Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection. Todos os documentos publicados entre 1975 e 2019 foram incluídos na análise. Os dados exportados da WoS viabilizaram acesso a amplos detalhes da literatura relacionada à genética oftálmica, incluindo países, instituições, autores, citações e palavras-chave. Mapas de rede cienciométrica foram criados por meio de software gratuito, com base em palavras-chave e em coautorias de países e instituições. As contribuições globais dos países para a literatura sobre genética oftálmica foram apresentadas em gráfico. Resultados: a busca por pesquisas revelou um total de 2.322 documentos cuja maioria eram artigos originais (75,75%). Os EUA foram o país que mais produziu artigos sobre o tema, com 45,39% de todos os documentos em pesquisa genética oftálmica; ele foi seguido pelo Reino Unido, Alemanha, China e França. A Universidade da Pensilvânia foi a instituição que mais contribuiu para a literatura (5,25%), e foi seguida pela University College London e pelo Moorfields Eye Hospital. A média de citações por item foi de 29,4. As palavras-chave mais usadas em um período de 40 anos foram 'família', 'célula', 'fotorreceptor' e 'expressão'. Conclusões: Os EUA e o Reino Unido dominaram a pesquisa em genética oftálmica. Após 2010, observou-se um aumento substancial no número de documentos publicados nessa área.

Revista Chilena de Pediatría: 90 años de historia / Revista Chilena de Pediatría: 90 years of story

Resumen: Revista Chilena de Pediatría (RCHP) se ha publicado en forma ininterrumpida desde su primera edición en enero de 1930, sorteando vaivenes políticos y económicos, innovación tecnológica y transformaciones sociales. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es homenajear y agradecer a los editores que participaron tan activamente de la publicación de RCHP y repasar los grandes hitos, que la han llevado al posicionamiento que tiene hoy como revista de corriente principal. Desde su ingreso al mundo digital hace 2 décadas, se ha registrado un importante aumento en el flujo de manuscritos re cibidos, participación de autores extranjeros, citas recibidas y ascenso en los rankings internacionales. En el año 2014 RCHP fue incorporada a la National Library of Medicine (NLM) y el 2017 al Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) mientras se evalúa para recibir un Factor de Impacto (FI) de parte del Journal Citation Report (JCR). Como revista representante de una sociedad científica, es fundamen tal mantener el equilibrio entre la sustentabilidad científica y la económica, entre la promoción de la publicación nacional y la internacionalización, entre el impacto científico requerido para continuar ascendiendo en los rankings internacionales y su rol en la educación continua, con impacto en la atención y cuidado de nuestros niños, en los distintos rincones del país.

Abstract: Revista Chilena de Pediatría (RCHP) has been published uninterruptedly since its first edition in Ja nuary 1930, beyond political and economic fluctuations, technological innovation, and social trans formations. The objective of this article is to pay tribute to and thank the editors who participated so actively in the publication of the RCHP and to review the major milestones, which have led it to the position it has today as a mainstream magazine. Since its entry into the digital world two deca des ago, there has been a significant increase in the flow of manuscripts received, participation of foreign authors, citations received and promotion in international rankings. In 2014, the RCHP was incorporated into the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and, in 2017, into the Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), while evaluating to receive an Impact Factor (IF) from the Journal Citation Report (JCR). As a representative magazine of a scientific society, it is essential to maintain a balance between scientific and economic sustainability, the promotion of national and international publica tion, the scientific impact need for continuing rising in international rankings, and the impact on our children>s care in the different corners of the country.

Política lingüística de uso del lenguaje inclusivo de género y las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) / Gender fair use of language linguistic policy and the scientific journals of the University of Costa Rica (UCR)

Resumen Este artículo presenta un mapeo sobre la implementación de la política lingüística de uso de lenguaje inclusivo de género en las revistas científicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica que se encuentran en el Portal de Revistas. La información analizada se basó en una revisión documental de los sitios web de las publicaciones del Portal de Revistas de la universidad, las respuestas a un cuestionario en línea con una muestra por conglomerado que resulta representativa dentro de los títulos y, por último, en observaciones y comentarios de personas encargadas de procesos editoriales. Uno de los principales hallazgos refiere a que un 66 % de revistas no ha discutido en sus comités editoriales la política de lenguaje inclusivo de género de la Universidad, que data del año 2003, y el restante 34 % que sí lo ha hecho, se encuentra en distintos niveles de proximidad respecto a la implementación de dicha política lingüística. En la discusión se toman en cuenta distintas características de las revistas, el proceso editorial y el contexto para proponer mejoras en la implementación de esta política universitaria.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a mapping on the implementation of the language gender fair use of language in the academic journals of the University of Costa Rica that are part of Portal de Revistas (official website of the journals). The analyzed information is based on a documental review of the websites of each title in the research website, the answers to an online questionnaire with a cluster sampling that results representative for the total number of journals, and the observations and comments of the people in charge of the editorial processes. One of the main findings is that 66% of the editorial committee of the journals has not discussed the university policy of gender fair use of language (stablished in 2003) and the other 34%, that has discussed this subject, presents different levels of proximity to the execution of this language policy. In the discussion, we take into consideration the characteristics of the journals, the editorial process, and the context to purpose improves in the implementation of this university policy.

Autoría femenina en la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública: análisis del periodo 1997-2017 / Female authorship in the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica: analysis for the period 1997-2017

RESUMEN Objetivos. Explorar la participación femenina en la autoría de los artículos publicados en la Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública entre 1997 y 2017, y su asociación con características del equipo de investigación. Materiales y métodos. Estudio bibliométrico y analítico. Se evaluaron las tendencias en el tiempo de varias formas de participación femenina, incluyendo «roles privilegiados¼ de autoría (primer autor, autor corresponsal y autor senior), así como la proporción de mujeres respecto al total de autores. Se comparó la participación femenina de acuerdo a la participación de médicos(as) y autores de filiación extranjera. Resultados. Se analizaron 1606 artículos, 46,3% fueron originales/originales breves. El 63,5% tuvieron al menos una autora, mientras que 92,8% tuvieron al menos un autor varón. El 29,6%, 27,8% y 26,9% tuvieron a una mujer como primer autor, corresponsal o senior, respectivamente; 33% de autores por artículo fueron mujeres. Estas cifras variaron durante el periodo de estudio, pero no mostraron diferencias entre el inicio y el final del mismo. En artículos originales, la participación femenina fue menor si quien ocupaba los roles privilegiados de autoría era un médico(a) y mayor si era un autor de filiación extranjera. Los tiempos editoriales fueron mayores cuando había una mujer en una posición privilegiada de autoría. Conclusiones. Menos de un tercio de los artículos tuvo a una mujer en alguno de los roles privilegiados de autoría. Estas brechas, aparentemente, no han mejorado con el tiempo. La composición del equipo de investigación influye en la participación femenina en la autoría.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To explore female authorship trends among the articles published in the Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública between 1997 and 2017, as well as its association with characteristics of the research teams. Materials and Methods. We conducted a bibliometric analysis. We evaluated time trends of several forms of female participation in authorship, including "privileged authorship roles" (first author, corresponding author and senior author) and the proportion of female authors (out of the total number of authors). We compared female authorship according to the participation of medical doctors and authors from non-Peruvian institutions. Results. We analysed 1606/1621 articles; 46.3% were original articles. 63.5% had at least one female author, whilst 92.8% had at least one male author. A woman was the first, corresponding or senior author in 29.6%, 27.8% and 26.9% of the articles, respectively. 33% of authors per article were female (median). These figures did not considerably vary between the start and end of the study period. For original articles, female authorship was less likely if medical doctors were listed in the privileged authorship roles and more likely, if authors from non-Peruvian institutions were. Editorial processing times were longer when a woman served a privileged authorship role. Conclusions. Women served privileged authorship roles in less than a third of all articles. Apparently, these gaps have not improved over time. The composition of the research team predicts female authorship.

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

Decentralising scientific publishing: can the blockchain improve science communication?

We present a decentralised solution for managing scientific communication, based on distributed ledger technologies, also called blockchains. The proposed system aims to solve incentive problems displayed by traditional systems in scientific communication and publication. A minimal working model is presented, defining roles, processes, and expected results from the novel system. The proposed solution is viable, given the current status of blockchain technology, and should lead to a rethinking of current practices and their consequences for scientific communication.